Month: October 2023

Rain Water Harvesting- builtify

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Water is everywhere in the world. But the amount of sweet water or usable water is very less . we can say it is the most scarce resource in the world right now. Many research organizations are saying that water will be finished in future. So to save water for our future generations we need to take step to save this resource.

Photo courtesy:Neerain

This can be done in various ways like not wasting water while using in your home. Using required amount of water during car wash or other home washing works. This is the consumption part saving   But if we can save the source part then that will have a great impact on our environment.

So this concept is rain water harvesting. It has been used by many people as it has lot of benefits. In india we have rainy season and it is a better option to use that resource of water. But many people in India don’t go for rainwater harvesting because they think it is an investment which won’t give any profit. But it is a way to making your building green building rather than expense.

Rain water can supplement some of your water needs, if harnessed properly. Harvested rainwater can serve a variety of purposes, some of which include:

Increases ground water recharge

Photo courtesy:Istock

Reduces sea water ingress in coastal areas

Provide water for general purposes


Photo courtesy:Pinterest

There is a tremendous potential for water harvesting in our country . Consider your own building with a flat terrace area of square meters. Assume that the average rainfall in your area is 40” or 1000mm approximately . Thus , even if only 60 percent of total rainfall is harvested , you will be able to harvest 100 x 1.0 x 0.6 = 60 cum i.e. 60,000 litres of water a year.

This volume is more than a year ‘s (about 400 days) domestic water requirement of 1 person , assuming average daily water requirement for domestic use per person is 150 litres.

If we use the stored rainwater only during the monsoons for washing clothes , washing cars etc., you will help in reducing the overall water needed from public utilities and therefore prevent water shortage in the summer.

In some developed countries, buildings are required to supplement their water needs through rainwater harvesting.

What is rain water harvesting ?

Rain water harvesting (RWH) is a technique of collection and storage of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks.

How it works ?

The rain water from a large surface is collected I.e from roofs and then collected into underground or overground tanks.

Methods of rain water harvesting :-

There are two types of rain water harvesting.

  1. I) Rooftop rain water harvesting
  2. II) Surface runoff water harvesting

Surface runoff water harvesting:-

In urban area rain water flows away as surface run off. This surface could be caught up and cane be recharged aquifers.

Rooftop rain water harvesting method:-

In Rooftop rain water harvesting is the technique in which roof water is collected from roofs and then stored in tanks and reservoirs.

It can be applied mostly in urban areas.

Process of rain water harvesting:-

But before knowing the process first we should know about the equipments required for rain water harvesting.

Catchment-

Catchment is the surface area where the rain water will fall and from that it is collected. The surface are is generally rooftop area. It may be flat or sloped.

Collection pipe:-

The surface area is connected to pipe. It may be one or more than one depending upon the size of the surface area.

Then filter:-

Different filters are used for filtering the rain water, such as sand gravel filter, charcol filter, pvc filter etc. The basic work is to filter the water.

First flush device:-

It is used to discharge the first rain water collected from the rain water harvesting system. The first rain water may be contaminated as it purifies the air by washing it. So it is better to avoid the first rain water to use.

Storage tank:-

After the water is filtered it is collected in storage tanks.

Process:-

First the rain water is collected through pipes from the rooftop. Then it is passed through filters to remove impurities. Then it is stored in storage tanks which is used later.

Application of rain water harvesting:-

Rain water collected from rain water harvesting can be used in many works.

Toilet and urinal flushing:-

Toilet and urinal flushing water are used but not directly contacted with human. So it is best to use rain water to that will support to our future requirement of water.

Gardening:-

Rain water can be used for gardening which the best use of it. Generally the trees get rain water during rain, but again this water can be stored to use for watering plants when there is no rain.

Washing of cars/ bikes:-

Every one in today’s world are giving priority for using personal vehicle for having speed transportation. So each people have their own vehicle at home whether it is a car or bike. To take are of them we often wash them and use a lot of amount of water which is great wastage of usable water. If we are using rain water instead of municipal water that be a great help to our environment.

Also bus , trucks can be washed off through this.

Rain water harvesting system is a must for commercial buildings. As they use a lot of amount of water.

To know more such topics go through builtifyblog.

Neerain is proud to republish this article for spreading awareness about situation of water, for our stakeholders. Credit whatsoever goes to the Author.

This article is published by: –

https://blog.builtify.in/2019/08/rain-water-harvesting-builtify.html

We would like to spread this for the benefit of fellow Indians.

Author:   builtify

Publish On: August 21, 2019

Need to reimagine rainwater harvesting and adapt it to contemporary times

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Photo courtesy: Santhosh Kumar

Rainwater harvesting has been practiced for centuries as a way to collect and store rainwater for later use. The increasing demand for water, the depletion of groundwater resources, and the adverse effects of climate change have led to a water crisis in many parts of the world. Rainwater harvesting has the potential to be a sustainable solution to address this crisis. However, it is essential to find innovative ways to make it more efficient, effective, and sustainable.

In contemporary times, there is a need to reimagine rainwater harvesting to make it more efficient and effective, and to adapt it to the current environmental, economic, and social challenges we face.

Here are some ideas for how to reimagine rainwater harvesting:

Photo courtesy:Shuttterstocks

  1. Smart Rainwater Harvesting: With the advent of smart technology, rainwater harvesting can be made more efficient by using sensors and data analytics to optimize the collection and use of rainwater. For example, sensors can be installed to monitor rainfall, water levels, and water quality, and this data can be used to automatically adjust the flow of water to different storage tanks or to trigger alerts when water quality falls below a certain level.
  2. Multi-functional infrastructure: Rainwater harvesting systems can be designed to serve multiple functions, such as providing irrigation water for landscaping or serving as a source of water for fire-fighting. This can increase the overall value of the system and make it more attractive to homeowners, businesses, and municipalities.
  3. Green roofs and walls: Green roofs and walls can be used to capture rainwater and reduce stormwater runoff. By integrating rainwater harvesting systems into green infrastructure, we can create more sustainable and resilient urban environments.
  4. Community engagement: Rainwater harvesting systems can be used to build community engagement and awareness around water issues. By involving the community in the design, implementation, and maintenance of rainwater harvesting systems, we can create a sense of ownership and pride in the system, and increase the likelihood of its long-term success.
  5. Recharging aquifers to increase water table: Rainwater is collected and can be allowed to seep into the ground, which helps recharge the aquifers. This process not only helps increase the water table but also reduces the demand for freshwater resources.

Rainwater harvesting can be an effective method for recharging aquifers, especially in areas that receive high rainfall but lack proper storage facilities. It can also help prevent flooding and erosion, and improve soil moisture content.

  1. Economic incentives: Economic incentives, such as tax rebates or subsidies, can be used to encourage the adoption of rainwater harvesting systems. This can help to overcome the initial cost barriers associated with installing these systems and make them more accessible to a wider range of stakeholders.

Overall, there are many ways to reimagine rainwater harvesting and adapt it to contemporary times. By using smart technology, integrating rainwater harvesting into green infrastructure, engaging the community, and providing economic incentives, we can create more sustainable and resilient water systems that benefit everyone.

Neerain is proud to republish this article for spreading awareness about situation of water, for our stakeholders. Credit whatsoever goes to the Author.

This article is published by: –

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/need-to-reimagine-rainwater-harvesting-and-adapt-it-to-contemporary-times/

We would like to spread this for the benefit of fellow Indians.

Author:   Gurmit Singh Arora

Publish On:  May 8, 2023,

At this village school in Karnataka, every drop of rainwater is harvested and reused

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The government school in Kora village in Tumakuru has enough water for drinking, cooking, washing and gardening purposes thanks to the rainwater harvesting system installed with the help of the non-profit Biome.

With the onset of the monsoon season, Government Model Higher Primary School in Kora village in Tumakuru has been capturing every drop of rain that fell from the sky. All photos by arrangement.

Water situation in Karnataka is worrisome as several districts in the state have received deficient rainfall in the southwest monsoon season that ended last month. The region of south interior Karnataka is particularly affected, and sharing of Cauvery river’s water between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu has become a hot topic for dharna and protests.

But a village school in Tumakuru district in rain-deficient south interior region of Karnataka is not worried about the looming water crisis.

The government school has enough water for drinking, washing and gardening purposes. And the water — harvested rainwater — has been a ‘free’ gift from the heavens above.

Since June this year, with the onset of the monsoon season, Government Model Higher Primary School in Kora village in Tumakuru has been capturing every drop of rain that fell from the sky on the school premises located over 70 kilometres from the state capital Bengaluru.

Today, the rural school with 208 children studying in classes one to seven has sufficient water to use for its cooking, gardening, cleaning and drinking purposes. For drinking and cooking, the harvested rainwater is filtered with the help of RO (reverse osmosis) so that it is clean and safe to drink for the students and staff.

Also Read: Gaon Connection Launches ‘The Changemakers Project’ to Build a National Registry of Changemakers

The credit for making the school self-sufficient in water goes to Madhusudan Rao, headmaster at the school, who thought up a plan to capture, store, treat and use rainwater in his school. In a changing climate, with rainfall patterns changing, harvesting every drop of rainwater that falls on the ground is the need of the hour.

Rao has been raising awareness about various environmental issues, including water conservation, here, he is explaining his students about the rainwater harvesting system.

“I wanted to set up a rainwater harvesting system in the school. It made so much sense because it is cost effective, and promotes both water and energy conservation,” the 57-year-old headmaster told Gaon Connection.

Rao has taught for 33 years and is actively involved in the People Science Movement that popularises science and scientific outlook amongst people. He also volunteers at the Tumkur Science Centre where he raises awareness about various environmental issues, including water conservation.

To execute the rainwater harvesting plan at his school, the headmaster got in touch with Bengaluru-based Biome Environmental Solutions, which works on ecological architecture and intelligent water and sanitation designs. Biome’s rainwater harvesting work is supported by Wipro Cares, an employee-led community initiative arm of the Wipro Foundation.

Also Read: Harvesting rainwater saves the day for residents of a tribal village in Jharkhand

“First of all with the help of Biome, we identified our catchment area to capture rainwater and then started digging to collect raindrops that fall within our school premises. We now have one tank, which has the capacity of 19,250 litres, and stores rainwater,” explained Rao. This much water can meet the school’s water needs for two months.

Explaining how the rainwater harvesting system at the school works, Shivananda R S, a team leader at Biome, said: “We calculate sump [storage tank] capacity based on the rooftop area available for harvesting. The first one millimetre of rainwater which washes the terrace is let out through the first rain separator controlled by a valve.”

“Afterwards the cleaner water is passed through a masonry or wall mounted filter and stored in a rainwater sump. The stored rainwater is then pumped to an overhead tank and reused,” he added.

The rainwater harvesting system was installed in June this year. By the end of August, there was enough water for the school to use for its cooking, gardening, cleaning and drinking purposes. The water is filtered before using for drinking purposes.

According to Shivananda, the school harvests 560 kilo litres (KL) of water out of which 280 KL is stored and reused, and 280 KL is recharged annually.

https://youtu.be/iQfZk_-1Iog

The entire project of installing the rainwater harvesting system in school has been a learning process for the students too. Headmaster Rao ensured that the students watched and participated in the installation of the system.

“When the plant was being set up, we were told about rainwater harvesting and how it had huge advantages. Rao Sir told us how it was important to conserve water and not squander it so that we could avoid a water crisis in the future,” Sandhya Rani, a 13-year-old student of class 7 told Gaon Connection.

“We learnt how water can be reused for our day-to-day activities such as flushing of toilets, cleaning, gardening and cooking,” she added.

According to Shivananda, the harvested rainwater will not be able to meet the school’s water needs throughout the year, but can take care of its water requirements to a great extent. This means reducing dependence on external sources of water, such as borewells that exploit groundwater, or tankers that source water from far.

Every drop counts, as rainwater harvesting experts often point out.

Also Read: In these villages in Jaisalmer, every house has a traditional ‘beri’ to collect rainwater

Biome has been working with four schools to promote rainwater harvesting. Of these, the rainwater harvesting system is already functional in three schools and is under construction in the fourth school. The non-profit designs rainwater harvesting with inputs from schools and involves the students, teachers, and School Development and Monitoring Committee members.

“We also conduct water literacy activities in the school. We give children water quality kits, rain gauges to measure rainfall, setting up vegetable and fruit gardens, etc. We also handhold the school by maintaining the rainwater harvesting system for at least a year, till the school can function on its own without us,” said Shivananda.

https://youtu.be/sXEeizzpD_I

Neerain is proud to republish this article for spreading awareness about situation of water, for our stakeholders. Credit whatsoever goes to the Author.

This article is published by: –

https://www.gaonconnection.com/amp/thechangemakersproject/changemakers-project-karnataka-rainwater-harvesting-biome-tumakuru-reuse-restore-water-conservation-52791

Author:  Laraib Fatima warsi

Publish On: 10 / Oct / 2023

 

 

Ahmedabad man’s rainwater harvesting startup helps save 125 billion litres of water; clocks Rs 2 crore annual revenues

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Plastic engineer Amit Doshi’s startup NeeRain offers an easy-to-install rainwater harvesting device that recharges borewells, improving the quantity and quality of groundwater. Currently sold in seven countries, it is helping mitigate India’s water crisis

When Amit Doshi was in class four, he and his brother would accompany their mother to carry buckets of water. They would queue up to fill water from a tap near their house in Kalol, a semi-urban area about 35km from Ahmedabad in Gujarat. The year was 1986, and the borewells in Kalol had dried up following a dramatic decline in the groundwater table. The municipality supplied water every three days.

“My mom carried the larger bucket, while my brother and I dragged the smaller ones. We kept the water for domestic use in a large drum. For us, it was a ritual we continued for almost a decade before relocating to Ahmedabad,” recollects Amit.

Amit, now 46, grew up seeing his family battling for water on a daily basis. The primary concern of his parents was to ensure that their 200-litre drum had adequate water for the family’s needs.

Also Read: Kalpana Ramesh: The architect leading restoration of Telangana’s historic stepwells

“My mother never complained about the strain on her body. She boiled the water before use because it was fluoridated. We weren’t the only ones in Kalol to experience this. About 70 percent of the population suffered the same fate. Water shortage affects about 80 percent of the population in India,” says Amit, who completed his Diploma in Plastic Engineering from the Government Polytechnic in Ahmedabad. He started working for Sintex Industries Limited in 1997 and left in 2014 to start his business.

Growing up with water scarcity instilled in Amit a sense of purpose – to save every drop of water and ensure there is less struggle to access water. One way to do it was through rainwater harvesting by collecting and storing rainwater that runs off from rooftops, roads, grounds, etc.

This water can be stored or recharged into the ground to improve water availability through wells and borewells.

NeeRain devices collect rainwater from rooftops and it is used to recharge borewells.

Photo Courtesy: NeerRain

Developing NeeRain

According to the Central Water Commission, India receives 4,000 billion cubic metres of rain annually, but only 8 percent is harvested. The figure is among the lowest in the world.

Rainwater harvesting can provide up to 70 percent of the water needs for a household. Amit decided to create a simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-use rainwater harvesting product that could empower families who spent hours collecting water for their daily needs.

After a year of research and development, he designed an instrument to help people collect rainwater, which could be used to recharge borewells or stored, and named it NeeRain Rainwater Filter.

This small filter unit with dimensions of 1x1x1.5 feet uses an engineering material called ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), and it was patented in 2018.

Also Read: How Nahargarh’s 300-year-old water harvesting system beat the desert’s water blues

On receiving the necessary approvals, NeeRain Private Ltd began manufacturing the filters in collaboration with the MSME (Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises) Tool Room. While the initial investment was Rs25 lakh, Amit received Rs10.81 lakh as a grant as his product empowers people to access and save water and helps the environment.

NeeRain can also be used to collect rainwater in drums or other storage structures.

Photo Courtesy: NeeRain

It was introduced in June 2020 and costs Rs 2950. While re-drilling a dry borewell can cost around Rs 3 lakh, recharging the groundwater through rainwater harvesting using NeeRain is a much more cost-effective and long-term solution.

With 300mm of rainfall, a house in Mumbai with a 1500 square foot roof can conserve 4 lakh litres of water annually. With 150mm of rain, a house in a similar area in Kolkata can save around 2.5 to 3 lakh litres of water.

So far, NeeRain has been installed in 250 cities across India. It is exported to Kenya, Zimbabwe, Malawi, South Africa, Mozambique and Guatemala. There is a rising demand from Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal.

How NeeRain works

A non-electric device with an ABS filter, NeeRain, can last up to 25 years. While rainwater is pure, it gets mixed with other impurities, called TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), once it falls on the roof or any other surface. To remove these impurities, the rainwater is passed through the pipe which filters out even hair-like thick garbage using a double-layer HDP (high-density polyethylene) cloth.

Also Read: Bengaluru engineer revives 11 dead lakes, targets to rejuvenate 45 water bodies by 2025

The CV (check valve) material filters out particles down to 400 microns while HDP filters are effective down to 200 microns. The borewell or tank then receives the crystal-clear water and gets recharged, making it easier to extract water.

The filter is immune from corrosion and pollution since it is made of nylon-based material. Rainwater collection does not require electricity because the filter operates on the principle of gravity.

The transparent lead makes it easier to see the live harvesting and allows for cleaning if any impurities are found. As the rainwater seeps into the ground, the water table rises, the pH level of the water improves and the borewell is recharged to provide water for longer durations.

A non-electric device with an ABS filter, NeeRain, can last up to 25 years.

Photo Courtesy: NeeRain

The installation of NeeRain does not require any extra space or civil modification. The filter can be mounted on the outer wall of a house that has a roof of 1100 to 1300 square feet. Neerain allows vertical fixing and integration of rainwater pipe and it takes around two hours to complete the installation.

Seven countries save water with NeeRain

Around 5,125 NeeRain units have been successfully installed since its commercial launch in 2020.

“Using NeerRain, over 125 billion litres of rainwater has been saved till June 2023 in seven countries spread over three continents,” says Amit, who believes that rainwater harvesting is the only solution to avoid water scarcity.

To promote rainwater harvesting rapidly, Amit is planning to increase the reach of his product by increasing NeeRain’s dealer strength and spreading it to 700 locations around the country. With this, he expects the company’s annual revenue to grow from Rs 2 crore to Rs 10 crore in the next three years.

Also Read: The class 10 dropout from Rajasthan who won the Padma Shri for his Chauka system of water harvesting

“Over the next few years, I hope to reach lakhs of households to conserve billions of gallons of rainwater. Since rainwater harvesting technology is now easily accessible and convenient, we can address the issue of the global water shortage,” says Amit.

Reckless extraction of groundwater combined with climate change has adversely impacted water resources. Around 20 percent of the borewells in India encounter water shortages due to groundwater depletion annually.

Around 55 million new homes are constructed every year and a borewell is drilled before the construction begins. India has more than 33 million or 3.3 crore borewells and yet, new ones are dug every year.

NeeRain devices installed at a commercial establishment.

Photo Courtesy: NeeRain

A June 2018 report by NITI Aayog says that India is undergoing the worst water crisis in its history and nearly 600 million people are facing high to extreme water stress. It is not surprising, given that the country is not able to harvest its rainfall.

If India can harvest even half of its annual rainfall using mechanisms like NeeRain, many of its water-related problems will be resolved. “We must avoid wasting rainwater. Our country will be water-positive only if every family, organisation, and industry sends its rainwater to the borewell,” says Amit.

Also Read: Daughter, water & trees: How this mantra made Piplantri a model village of India

Excessive groundwater use has resulted in its depletion across India but the problem is more acute in Delhi, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. “People are aware of the 4000-year-old rainwater gathering techniques through scriptures, monuments and step-wells, etc. but still choose not to use it,” he says.

Apart from quantity, even the quality of water in India is deteriorating rapidly. In many regions of Eastern India, the groundwater level has decreased to the extent that water is now contaminated with arsenic. Groundwater in various parts of Maharashtra contains uranium while high fluoride levels are reported in water from parts of Gujarat.

Borewells in Ahmedabad are presently, on average, 600 feet deep. Ten years ago, the city used to get its water from 150-foot-deep borewells. It is 1200 feet deep in Bengaluru and 1900 feet deep in Chennai.

“People will start receiving crude oil in the next decade if depletion of groundwater continues at the current rate,” he says.

(Partho Burman is a Kolkata-based award-winning journalist. He writes inspiring human interest and motivational stories.)

Also Read: How 1,000 women around Sambhar Salt Lake are conserving water & practising organic farming

Neerain is proud to republish this article for spreading awareness about situation of water, for our stakeholders. Credit whatsoever goes to the Author.

This article is published by: –

https://30stades.com/enterprise/amit-doshi-neerain-ahmedabad-rainwater-harvesting-startup-saves-125-billion-litres-water-earns-rs-2-crore-revenues-1518709

Author:  Prof. Partho Burman

Publish On: 11thOct 2023

 

 

 

 

India’s water crisis: The clock is ticking

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We need to promote a decentralised approach, with a key focus on water conservation, source sustainability, storage and reuse wherever possibles

Photo courtesy: Getty Images

India is facing one of its major and most serious water crisis.

After two consecutive years of weak monsoons, 330 million people — a quarter of the country’s population — are affected by a severe drought. With nearly 50 per cent of India grappling with drought-like conditions, the situation has been particularly grim this year in western and southern states that received below average rainfall.

According to the Composite Water Management Index (CWMI) report released by the Niti Aayog in 2018, 21 major cities (Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad and others) are racing to reach zero groundwater levels by 2020, affecting access for 100 million people.

However, 12 per cent of India’s population is already living the ‘Day Zero’ scenario, thanks to excessive groundwater pumping, an inefficient and wasteful water management system and years of deficient rains. The CWMI report also states that by 2030, the country’s water demand is projected to be twice the available supply, implying severe water scarcity for hundreds of millions of people and an eventual six per cent loss in the country’s GDP.

The Union government recently formed a new Jal Shakti (water) ministry, which aims at tackling water issues with a holistic and integrated perspective on the subject. The ministry has announced an ambitious plan to provide piped water connections to every household in India by 2024.

Photo courtesy:  Pinterest

The ministry has set a tough target at a time when hundreds of millions don’t have access to clean water. Aiming at laying huge pipeline networks for water supply means that yet again, we are giving more preference to infrastructure. Also, the moot questions are: what will happen if there is no water to supply? What will happen to all the wastewater that gets generated?

This indicates that there is a clear disconnect between water, society and economy. Currently, we are interested in laying large networks, constructing huge storage dams, fetching water from 150 kilometres and above, which involves a huge carbon footprint.

We are valuing land more than water, neglecting our local water bodies, which have either gone dry or encroached. Also, in many Indian cities, water is not properly distributed. Some areas of mega cities like Delhi and Mumbai are privileged to get more that than the standard municipal water norm of 150 litres per capita per day (lpcd) while other areas get 40-50 lpcd.

Aggravating the problem is that the water being supplied currently is of drinking water standards.

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that an individual requires around 25 litres of water daily for meeting his/her basic hygiene and food needs. The rest is used for non-potable purposes like mopping and cleaning. This indicates that for most of the non-potable uses, a quality lower than drinking water is required. Thus, for economic efficiency and environmental sustainability, water must be treated and supplied according to usage.

To top this, are issues of leakage losses, water pricing and metering of water. Lack of proper maintenance of existing infrastructure causes further losses of almost 40 per cent of piped water in urban areas.

The road ahead

Looking at the current situation, there is a need for a paradigm shift. We urgently require a transition from this ‘supply-and-supply-more water’ provision to measures which lead towards improving water use efficiency, reducing leakages, recharging/restoring local waterbodies as well as applying for higher tariffs and ownership by various stakeholders.

A recovery-based closed loop system is the need of the hour.

It is time to go back and start using our traditional practice of rainwater harvesting — catching water where it falls. Presently, India captures only eight per cent of its annual rainfall, among the lowest in the world.

Another aspect is the treatment and reuse of wastewater. About 80 per cent of the water that reaches households, leaves as waste and pollutes our waterbodies and environment. There is a huge potential in reusing and recycling this treated wastewater at least for non-potable purposes, which is cost effective.

All this leads to the fact that we need to promote a decentralised approach, with a key focus on water conservation, source sustainability, storage and reuse wherever possible.

It is important to understand that managing the water situation is not the job of only engineers but all stakeholders including hydrogeologists, economists, planners and most importantly, communities themselves.

Emphasis on behavioural change is not getting enough attention because it is nuanced and complex. But locals/citizens/ communities have a huge part to play. By keeping in check our own usage and actions, we can contribute.

As for our decision-makers, they need to re-think: Are we being sold dreams or realities?

Neerain is proud to republish this article for spreading awareness about situation of water, for our stakeholders. Credit whatsoever goes to the Author.

This article is published by: –
 https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/water/india-s-water-crisis-the-clock-is-ticking-65217

We would like to spread this for the benefit of fellow Indians.

Author:  Mahreen Matto

Publish On:  Friday 21 June 2019