Tag: ground water

What the Jal Jeevan Mission must focus on to fix urban water supply

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The 2021-22 Union Budget announced the launch of the Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban), an ambitious project that aims to provide potable tap water supply to 2.86 crore households by Urban India is fast hurtling towards a major water crisis in the years to come. A 2020 report by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has projected that 30 Indian cities will face a ‘grave water risk’ by 2050 due to overcrowding in cities.

A Niti Aayog report too had predicted that 21 Indian cities including New Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore and Hyderabad will run out of groundwater by 2020 affecting 100 million people.

Major water concerns in urban areas

Taps run dry in majority of the cities

As high as 31 percent of urban households in cities, mostly those who live in unauthorised colonies and slums, do not have access to piped water or public tap water and even the existing taps run dry for most of the time. And what’s more – most Indian cities cannot even meet the per capita water supply requirements of 135 litres per day as specified by the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation!

Increasingly unable to meet the 24×7 water supply needs of the population, the public supply infrastructure continues to be marred with challenges such as ageing infrastructure, lack of operation and maintenance, low pressure in the pipes and poor revenue mobilisation mechanisms.

Photo courtesy: Honors College

How will this work out for urban India? This lack of availability of piped water supply and over dependence on wells and borewells to compensate for the gap in water supply has led to over exploitation of groundwater resources in many cities. As high as 48% of India’s urban water supply comes from groundwater, and in seven of India’s 10 most populous cities, groundwater levels have dropped dangerously over the past two decades.

Mismanagement of water adds to the water woes

Glaring mismanagement of water in cities leaves even the water rich areas starved for water. For example, a recent analysis shows that abundance of groundwater availability in the top five cities like Ludhiana, Amritsar, Rajkot, and Vishakhapatnam does not help its residents due to increase in population and inefficient management and allocation of the available water. Bottom five cities in terms of groundwater availability include cities such as Chennai, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Dhanbad, and Ghaziabad. Water cuts across administrative boundaries makes some states  dependent on neighbouring states for water leading to water disputes.

Another working paper on the state of water in six Indian cities conducted by the Kubernein Initiative finds that in Chennai and Bengaluru, water resources are overworked and overused, not adequately replenished, and recharge areas have been destroyed due to construction and concretisation. Mumbai and Kolkata, although not water scarce, continue to face water stress due to unequal distribution of water, over dependence on monsoon and over consumption of water.

Read more: Can individual water metering help Indian cities avoid Doomsday?

For example, while Kolkata has water hydrants to cater to the needs of the poor, they are the largest culprits of wastage in the city. The informal settlements in Mumbai suffer hugely due to lack of access to water connections while Delhi being naturally water scarce has to depend on neighbouring states for its water supply.

The working paper informs that most cities in India have poorly laid-out infrastructure plans and fluctuations in water availability increase dependence on groundwater that is depleting at dangerous levels.

Besides this, lack of proper disposal and treatment of sewage is a common problem in cities that not only leads to choking of drains and flooding, but also leads to poor quality of water due to contamination and mixing of sewage with drinking water. Besides other competing water needs, agricultural activity in the periphery of many cities also in constant battle with urban management over the sharing of water resources.

Only about 35 percent of wastewater is treated in India and the use of treated wastewater for non potable uses at the household is still largely lacking because of strong stigma associated with using treated wastewater.

The available water is of poor quality

In urban India, 50 million people in 15 cities have no access to safe, affordable drinking water, reveals a UNICEF India report. Since piped water is inadequate in most of the cases, drinking water in cities is often procured from a variety of sources such as borewells, private wells, tankers or bottled water. But very little information exists on the quality of this water that is made available to the people.

And this water from major sources like tube wells and hand pumps is also found to be unsafe as they are known to be carriers of waterborne diseases. Even where piped water is available, its quality continues to be questionable. A large proportion of people do not have access to water within the house, increasing the chances of infections.

Photo courtesy : Made For minds

Surface water sources too are highly contaminated in India. Poor sewage disposal mechanisms lead to most of the untreated sewage being drained into rivers and lakes that serve as reservoirs of microbial contamination. Poor access to safe water sources and toilets and open defecation and poor WASH practices lead to high instances of waterborne diseases in the country.

Release of untreated industrial and pharmaceutical wastes into the surface water sources has led to dangerous levels of organic and inorganic pollutants into the surface water bodies in India, making it unfit for consumption.

Read more: Kolkata’s ignored groundwater crisis could lead to much more than just water shortage

Groundwater resources in the country have also been found to be highly polluted due to presence of fluoride, arsenic, nitrates, iron, heavy metals as well as due to leaching of harmful pesticide and fertiliser residues. Toxins from untreated industrial wastes and landfills as well as bacterial contaminants from the surface soil and water sources can also contaminate groundwater. Even bottled water in India continues to be unsafe for consumption.

Key points emerging from these studies

  • Accessibility of water for low income communities in many of the cities continues to be a problem and needs to be addressed as these communities form an important section of the population in cities.
  • Most Indian cities do not segregate and process grey and black water discharges. A large part of wastewater is discharged into unlined stormwater channels, which leads to contamination of the  groundwater.
  • Poor water quality continues to plague most of the Indian cities
  • The water infrastructure in cities is outdated and is unable to accommodate the different levels of water, store it for future use and augment supply with alternative sources.
  • Rampant development in all these cities continues to threaten natural habitats and water bodies that help in water conservation and flood prevention, such as marshlands, wetlands, floodplains, embankments and others.
  • Lack of data and outdated infrastructure leads to huge water losses. Excessive emphasis on supply side solutions to procure water leads to poor attention being paid to demand management and exploration of alternatives
  • Lack of coordinated efforts at the policy level hinder progress

What needs to be done for the long term success of JJM?

The studies and recent analysis recommend that the strategy to meet the water crisis in urban areas should be based on the following steps:

Neerain is proud to republish this article for spreading awareness about situation of water, for our stakeholders. Credit whatsoever goes to the Author.

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https://citizenmatters.in/urban-water-shortage-contamination-groundwater-wastage-water-management-26866

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Author : Aarti Kelkar Khambete

Publish On: August 5, 2021

It’s a 15% water cut, but many areas in Mumbai dryor down to a trickle

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MUMBAI: Citizens from several areas in Mumbai have been complaining about the lack of water supply in their localities. Some have even said that they have not been receiving water at all or are getting only a trickle, and are having to depend on water tankers and bottled water for drinking.

Starting from March 31 onwards, the BMC had announced a 15%water cut all across Mumbai for the next 30 days. This was due to the tunnel carrying water to Mumbai getting damaged in Thane. The tunnel was damaging during the digging of a borewell subsequently causing a massive leakage. Again last week, the city’s water main was damaged at Kopri in Thane aggravating the situation. The BMC is estimated to spend Rs 13 crore for the repairs, which it said it would recover from the builder whose workers damaged the tunnel in Wagale Estate.

Renu Kapoor, a Colaba resident said that there has not been a drop of water in their society leaving them with no option but depend on water tankers. “Our supply hours are in the evenings daily and since the last two days we have not been getting any water. The situation has completely caught us unaware and we are resorting to using bottled water for drinking purposes,” said Kapoor.

Photo courtesy: Salahuddin

Ajay Multani, another Colaba resident said that initially as there was reserve water in their tank they could manage, however, when water did not come for the second day the situation got worse. “On Sunday, also we got water for hardly ten minutes. The problem is across all buildings in Colaba,” said Multani.

Former Bandra corporator Asif Zakaria said that the problem was in their locality too. “While a 15% cut has been officially announced but its way beyond it with over 50% reduction in water supply. Fague ends are getting nowhere at all and the water tankers that the BMC is providing is clearly insufficient,” said Zakaria.

Photo courtesy: Hindustan Time

Residents in areas like Gowalia Tank area also complained off no water supply. “We visited the hydraulic department of the BMC however they could not commit till when the issue would be resolved,” said a resident.

When contacted, additional municipal commissioner P Velrasu said on Monday a meeting was conducted to assess the situation. “There were some augmentation measures done. The issue should settle down Tuesday night and Wednesday,” he said.

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https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/its-a-15-water-cut-but-many-areas-in-mumbai-dry-or-down-to-a-trickle/articleshow/99252346.cms?from=mdr

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Author: Richa Pinto

Publish On: April 04, 2023.

49 billion liters of water is wasted daily in the country due to carelessness

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There has been a demand for provision of stringent penalties to prevent wastage of water. Clean water is not being provided to 16 crore people in the country.

Photo courtesy: Rustam Vania

33% of people in India keep the tap open even without work while bathing and brushing, which leads to wastage of clean water. An estimate of water wastage is that every day 4,84,20,000 crore cubic meters i.e. 48.42 billion one liter bottles of water is wasted, while in this country about 160 million people do not get clean and fresh water. At the same time, 600 million people are facing water crisis. After taking note of these facts in a petition, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has asked the Union Ministry of Jal Shakti to submit a factual account of wastage of water.

On behalf of NGO Friends, petitioner Rajendra Tyagi has filed this petition in NGT. The petitioner demands that there should be punishment for the wastage of water. There is no provision for this as of now. On the petition, a bench headed by Justice Adarsh ​​Kumar Goel, in its order, has asked the Union Jal Shakti Ministry as well as the Delhi Jal Board to file a report within a month.

There are many other reasons for wastage of water such as overflow of water from the tank in residential and commercial houses. At the same time, the flushing system is another major reason for wastage of fresh water. 15 to 16 liters of water gets wasted once the flush is run.

Photo courtesy: Plumberscompany.org

According to advocate Akash Vashisht, every third person in India leaves the tap running, wasting five liters of water a minute, while a shower wastes 10 liters per minute. About 25 liters of water is wasted during brushing for three to five minutes, while 50 liters is wasted during a shower of 15 to 20 minutes. Similarly, 20 to 60 liters of water is wasted while washing dishes.

Very deep borewells are also being installed in rural areas. While there is hand-pump and tubewell for drinking water. There is also no restriction on the use of water. Apart from this, there is a lot of wastage of clean water even during the washing of cars. Water demand in India will reach 220 billion liters by 2025 from 40 billion liters now. The NGT will now hear the matter after the ministry’s report.

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https://www.downtoearth.org.in/hindistory/water/water-conservation/ngt-sought-report-to-center-over-ith-issue-of-misuse-and-wastage-of-water-65902

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Author: Vivek Mishra

Publish On: July 29, 2019.

 

 

Maharashtra: Lakh of well owners extracting groundwater for commercial and industrial use do not turn up to obtain CGWA NoC

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MUMBAI: Despite the central groundwater authority (CGWA) ultimatum to well owners in residential, commercial, government and industrial set-upsin urban areas of the state to obtain its permission for using well water for commercial or industrial use by March 31, 2022, only five establishments have applied for from Mumbai while a total 191 from across the state have done so. They together have paid Rs 1.96 crore late fees while applying for it.

Photo courtesy: Wikimedia Commons

Shockingly there are official figures of around 20,000 wells in Mumbai alone and estimates suggest that there could be 20 lakh wells across Maharashtra with 1 lakh alone from MMR. That means over 99% of such well users have turned a blind eye towards the diktat. As per law it is mandatory for well owners, including those of individual residents and government bodies, to seek CGWA permission before digging and extracting groundwater from them for commercial and industrial use.

If calculated, the penalty and environment damage compensation, as mandated by CGWA in the absence of NoC post March 2022 from all such establishments, would run into whopping Rs 50,000 crore to Rs 1 lakh crore, says crusader against misuse of groundwater and RTI activist Sureshkumar Dhoka who obtained the details of applications from CGWA authorities through an RTI application.

Upon Dhoka’s constant perusal to unravel the rackets operating in illegal groundwater extraction and supply business, for the first time state groundwater authority — Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority (MWRRA) — has directed the newly appointed district authorities in Mumbai to take legal and penal actions against various parties involved in illegal extraction and sale of groundwater mainly including the well and tanker owners.

A letter shot by MWRRA secretary Dr. Ramnath Sonawane has pointed out to the officer’s hundreds of cases of groundwater theft and illegal sale brought to the fore by Dhoka. Since making Maharashtra Groundwater development and management regulations effective from June 2014, there were no empowered officers till recently to investigate and take lawful action against those involved. Now, they can also recover environmental damage compensation from well and tanker owners indulging in illegal practices and have powers to monitor the actions being taken by civic and government bodies against such illegal operators.

Photo courtesy: The New York Time

It may be mentioned here that Mumbai police have registered probably India’s first and biggest groundwater theft case worth over Rs 80 crore at Pandya Mansion in Bomanji Master Lane in South Mumbai. There are several cases of alleged water theft against the contractors working on various projects assigned by the government agencies besides those illegally operating in commercial and industrial sectors. According to Dhoka if considered penalty, late fees, restoration charges and environmental damage compensation for last 20-25 years, on an average each well-owner indulging in such thefts would be liable to pay minimum Rs 15-20 crore to Rs 50 crore to the CGWA.

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https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-lakh-of-well-owners-extracting-groundwater-for-commercial-and-industrial-use-do-not-turn-up-to-obtain-cgwa-noc/articleshow/91269177.cms

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Author: CHITTARANJAN THEMBEKAR

Publish On: May 2 , 2022.

 

Water crisis can be overcome by open well recharge system, Kerala became an example

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Climate change is one of the many factors responsible for Kerala’s depleting groundwater levels, but to combat it, Anand Jakarayas, Development Associate (Water), MS Swaminathan Research Foundation, explains how open well recharge systems can help Kerala overcome the water crisis. helping. The open well recharge system is superior to other methods, as experiments have shown that scraping off the top sediment layer and 15 cm of topsoil can restore up to 68.3 percent of the initial infiltration capacity. Sometimes aquifers contain clay lenses, if the recharge water has high total dissolved solids (TDS) or high sodium concentration, the clay lens may move through the thick layers of the aquifer with groundwater, pumped from wells. The water used will be dirty.

File Photo : Akshay Deshmane

In terms of cost and effectiveness, the cost seems to be low compared to artificial open well recharge systems and other water recharge systems. Methods based on surface infiltration have relatively low construction costs and are easy to operate and maintain. However, surface infiltration systems are not always suitable. This is not possible where permeable surface soil is not available, land is very expensive or there is poor-quality water on top of aquifers.

Direct subsurface recharge methods reach deeper aquifers and require less space than direct surface recharge. However, they are expensive to manufacture and maintain. Recharge wells, commonly called injection wells, are commonly used to replenish groundwater. This is done when the aquifer is deep and usually separated from the land surface by materials of low permeability.

In areas where the base flow of streams is supported by groundwater, adding storage for recharge and groundwater flow can result in higher sustained flows during low flows or drought conditions. The flow of the springs can be maintained at a high level even during summer through groundwater that would result from artificial recharge. On the other hand, surface reservoirs whose water quality has been reduced by low-quality water released from the aquifer can harm the ecology of the surface reservoir.

Cultural factors should also be taken into account when finalizing the type of recharge structure method and the location of the structure. Land availability, land use in surrounding areas, public attitudes, and legal requirements all contribute significantly to the successful implementation of an artificial recharge system. For example, in urban areas, injection wells with controlled water supply are preferred.

There are many benefits of open-well recharge system. It increases the availability of groundwater and groundwater table and is effective in all ecosystems across Kerala. Moreover, this technology helps in improving the quantity as well as quality of water in aquifers in rural areas.

Broadly speaking, the biggest reason for the continuous depleting groundwater level is the increase in the number of borewells. Salinity increases especially during the summer season as the groundwater level drops below mean sea level, facilitating lateral or vertical movement of salt water. As a result of this action, this salty water can enter the groundwater reservoirs. Similarly, the rivers of Kerala often face salinity intrusion in their lower reaches during the summer months when the flow of fresh water is reduced. The monsoon usually recharges the groundwater table sufficiently, leading to a low concentration of saltwater in the aquifers.

Kerala has a distinctive coastal aquifer system which is prone to saltwater intrusion into groundwater sources including wells. A rise in the sea level or a fall in the groundwater level or a change in tide or breaking of aquifers, etc., can lead to saltwater entering the wells. Around 50 wells in Poovar in Kerala alone have been affected by saltwater encroachment. Due to salty water, some people in rural areas are forced to resort to water pipelines, which are more expensive for them. Destruction of freshwater lakes and conversion of wetlands contribute to the decline in groundwater levels. The rising sea level due to global climate change is one of the reasons directly affecting this problem.

In Kerala, groundwater salinity is due to leaching of salts from aquifer material, not seawater intrusion. This is due to the fact that groundwater aquifers are mostly confined in Kerala which restrict direct seawater intrusion, and this is the reason why no seawater ingress into coastal waterways due to over-extraction has been reported from the Kerala coast. Is. However, salinity is observed in shallow wells that are close to backwaters, lagoons, lakes and tidal rivers. The coastal wells located at Kadalundi and Kottakkal are partly influenced by lagoon and partly by seawater as they have sea on one side and lagoon/backwater on the other. This problem is also found in places like Vadakara, Thiruvangur Beypore, Kozhikode beach, etc.

Photo courtesy: Deccan Herald

The presence of salt water in wells is an indicator of groundwater quality. Sodium chloride (AcCl) or common salt is the major salt found in groundwater, followed by magnesium chloride (MgCl). Some groundwater also enters surface water bodies such as canals, lakes, or streams, thereby altering the hydrology of surface water. The brackish water cannot be used for paddy cultivation which is a major economic activity of Kerala. The intrusion of salinity into groundwater mainly affects the supply for agricultural, industrial and domestic use. Due to the fall in the groundwater level, more and more borewells have to be dug, as a result of which the efficiency of the pumps is also decreasing. In addition, poor households in rural areas spend about two hours a day fetching water.

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https://www.downtoearth.org.in/hindistory/water/ground-water/open-well-recharge-system-is-good-for-water-recharge-64509

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Author: Anil Ashwani Sharma

Publish On: May 13, 2022.

 

 

Village Ardana: Water is going down 3 meters every year, sweet water is available at 1,000 feet

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Once upon a time in 1995, drinking water was taken from the well, but the canal water was drinkable. Irrigation was done with canal water, some landlords had installed tube wells. Then there was water at a maximum of 20 feet. But after this the need for water increased and the wells dried up. Farmers started installing tubewells, but even then water was available at 60 to 75 feet.

But in 2007 there was such a drought that almost all the tubewells dried up. It had not rained for three years. When people started installing tubewells in the fields at other places, the water reached 200 to 250 feet. Water was found at this depth but this water was salty. The effect of this was that the crops started getting spoiled. Sprung especially in summer means it started ripening quickly.

This is the story of Ardana village, about 140 km from the country’s capital Delhi. Ardana is a Village in Assandh Block in Karnal District of Haryana. The population of the village is about 12 thousand. Here three tubewells have been installed by the State Public Health Department for drinking water. Since the water above is brackish, boring was done up to 1,000 feet (about 304 m) below for fresh water.

Photo courtesy: Midun Vijayan (downtoearth.org)

The situation has become such that some big farmers have installed submersible pumps by boring up to 1,000 feet below to irrigate the crops. One such pump costs 15 to 16 lakh rupees. On the other hand, the farmers who install 200-250 feet deep tubewells, their expenditure comes to 4 to 5 lakh rupees. When the need for water increases in summer, the farmers take water from the canal passing outside the village. For this, the Irrigation Department has to pay Rs 6,000 for a season.

Ardana is one of the villages in Haryana which fall in the red category in terms of groundwater level. In fact, the Haryana Water Resources (Conservation, Regulation and Management) Authority issued a public notice on January 7, 2022, stating that 1780 villages in the state are in the red category. Red category means where there is severe groundwater crisis. The groundwater level in these villages is below 30 metres.

This authority was constituted in 2020 under the Haryana Resources (Conservation, Regulation and Management) Authority Act 2020. The authority has divided the state’s 6,885 villages into different categories. In this, the number of villages with groundwater level of 20 to 30 meters is 1041, while the number of villages with groundwater level of 10 to 20 meters is 1807, the number of villages with 5 to 10 meters is 1261, the number of villages with three to five meters is 592, The number of villages with 1.5 to 3 meters water table is 319 and the number of villages with less than 1.5 meters water table is 85. The villages in the lower three categories have been kept in the category of water logging.

In this report of the authority, the groundwater level of Adrana has been stated as 40 meters (131.24 feet) in June 2020. Which was 8.04 meters in June 2010. According to this report, the groundwater level in this village declined by 31.96 meters during a decade. That is, on an average 3.19 meters of water has gone down every year. Although the villagers say that at this time the groundwater level has reached 200 to 250 square feet (more than 60 meters).

If we talk about the whole of Karnal, then 402 villages of Karnal have been included in the authority’s list, out of which 46 villages are in the red category, but Ardana is at the top of this list. The groundwater level here has reached up to 40 metres, while the groundwater level in the rest of the villages is between 30 and 40 metres.

The main crops of the village are paddy and wheat. Experts consider paddy and wheat crops to be the reason for the continuous lowering of the groundwater level in Haryana. Especially a lot of water is used in paddy. It is noteworthy that 2,500 to 5,000 liters of water is used to grow one liter of rice.

Photo courtesy: crsbox.org

Although the Haryana government had started a scheme three years ago in view of the huge decline in the groundwater level in the state, in which farmers were told that they would be given a bonus if they grow other crops instead of paddy. Last year, the Haryana government had promised Rs 7,000 per acre.

But the farmers of Ardana village are not very enthusiastic about this scheme. Ram Diya Sharma, a farmer who cultivates seven acres of the village, says that there is only paddy and wheat, which makes little profit. Whenever you plant another crop, you have to bear the loss.

He says that about 50 thousand rupees of paddy is produced in one acre, while the expenditure is 20 to 25 thousand rupees. Similarly, 25 to 30 thousand rupees of wheat is produced in one acre. Since the government buys only wheat and paddy at the minimum support price, it saves. Nothing survives on the rest of the crops.

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Author: Raju Sajwan

Publish On: March 22, 2022.

 

 

The government launched Jaldoot app, which will tell the condition of the water level of wells in the country

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The government has today launched Jaldoot app which will help in tackling the problem of depleting groundwater level across the country. Its purpose is to find out the falling water level in the villages of the country, so that the water problem can be solved.

The app has been jointly developed by the Ministry of Rural Development in association with the Ministry of Panchayati Raj to track the water level of selected wells in rural areas of the country. This app will collect accurate data of groundwater level in rural areas. With the help of these data, the government will work to improve the groundwater level. Along with this, it will use these data to smoothly implement many schemes going on in rural areas.

Photo courtesy: Down to Earth

The government has informed that with the help of this app, manual monitoring of the water level of selected wells in rural areas will be done. Their water level will be measured twice a year. First, the water level will be measured in the pre-monsoon season between May 1 and 31, then the water level of the same well will be measured again after the monsoon between October 1 and 31, so that the changes in the water level can be detected.

What are the advantages of this Jaldoot app?

Not only this, a Jaldoot who will be the official appointed to measure the water level will upload geo-tagged pictures of the well through the app on every occasion of measurement. It is learned that this mobile app will work in both online and offline mode.

Means even if there is no internet connectivity, the water level can be captured with its help and the captured date will be stored in the mobile. Whenever the mobile comes within the internet connectivity area, the data will be shared with the central server.

The regular data inputted by Jaldoot will be linked with the National Water Informatics Centre (NWIC) database, which can be used for analysis and display of reports. The reports of this measured water level will also be available on the Jaldoot web portal.

Addressing the gathering at this app launch event, Union Minister of State for Rural Development and Steel, Faggan Singh Kulaste informed that despite all the efforts, the groundwater level is depleting in different parts of the country. In such a situation, this app will provide the facility to measure the water level across the country and its data can be used in Gram Panchayat Development Plan and Mahatma Gandhi NREGA schemes.

If seen, the water table has fallen severely in many parts of the country, due to which farmers in rural areas are facing a lot of trouble. At the same time, the ” World Water Development Report 2022 “ released by the United Nations has revealed that India is also included in the top 10 countries with the highest extraction of groundwater.

Photo courtesy: DROP4DROP

The groundwater level is falling rapidly in the country

It has been learned that about 251 cubic km of groundwater is being extracted every year in India, while this figure is 111.7 cubic km per year in America, 112 cubic km per year in China, and 64.8 cubic km per year in Pakistan. If seen, the biggest problem with India is that despite the highest use of groundwater here, its recharge is not being taken care of, due to which the groundwater level in the country is continuously falling.

Quoting the report “ Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India, 2020 ” published by the Central Ground Water Commission in June 2021, it has been found that the total annual groundwater recharge in the country was 436.15 billion cubic meters (BCM), while the annual groundwater withdrawal, on the other hand, increased to 244.92 BCM. has occurred. It means that about 62 percent of the water that is being absorbed by the land has been taken back from the land.

Not only this, this figure is also increasing continuously. At the same time, the biggest concern for the country is that in a large part of North India, this share of groundwater exploitation has exceeded 100 percent. In such a situation, continuous monitoring is very important for its falling level, so that its falling level can be stopped.

Neerain is proud to republish this article for spreading awareness about situation of water, for our stakeholders. Credit whatsoever goes to the Author.

 

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https://www.downtoearth.org.in/hindistory/water/ground-water/government-launched-jaldoot-app-will-tell-the-condition-of-water-level-of-wells-in-the-country-85160

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Author:Lalit Maurya

Publish On: sep 27, 2022